Two players, Stone and Brown, meet across sixty-four squares, each seeking to checkmate the other's king; Stone moves first, and the two sides alternate from there.
Setting up the board
Position the board so a light square falls in each player's bottom-right corner, pawns filling the second row on either side. Behind them, from the outside in: rook, knight, bishop, then king and queen at the center, mirrored by bishop, knight, and rook on the far side; the queen's starting square follows her side's name where it can: a Stone square for Stone, a Red square for Brown.
How each piece moves
- Rook: Travels any number of squares, horizontally or vertically.
- Bishop: Glides any number of squares along the diagonal, remaining always on a single color.
- Queen: Moves any number of squares in any direction, horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
- Knight: Leaps in an L shape, two squares in one direction and then one square across; the only piece able to jump over others.
- King: Steps one square in any direction, but never into check.
The special moves
- Castling lets a player move the king two squares toward a rook, the rook then landing on the square the king crossed, provided neither piece has moved, no piece stands between them, and the king is neither in check, does not pass through an attacked square, nor lands on one.
- En passant allows a pawn to capture an opposing pawn that has just advanced two squares from its start, landing beside it as though it had advanced only one; the capture must come on the very next move, or the option disappears.
- Pawn promotion arrives the moment a pawn reaches the far end of the board: it is exchanged, in that same move, for a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of its own color, the queen most often chosen.
- A common question, answered simply: yes, a pawn may become a second queen, or any other piece, regardless of what already sits on the board.
Check, checkmate, and stalemate
A king stands in check when it comes under direct attack. Checkmate arrives the instant a player, in check, has no legal move left to remove the threat, ending the game outright; stalemate arrives when a player has no legal move at all, yet the king stands clear of check, ending the game in a draw rather than a loss.
How a game can be drawn
Beyond stalemate, a game may end in a draw several ways: by agreement between the two players, by a dead position in which neither side could possibly deliver checkmate, by threefold repetition of the identical position, or by fifty consecutive moves passing without a pawn move or a capture.